The student will explain the causes, major events, and consequences of the Civil War.
-Identify Uncle Tom’s Cabin and John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, and explain how each of these events was related to the Civil War.
-Discuss how the issues of states’ rights and slavery increased tensions between the North and South.
-Identify major battles and campaigns: Fort Sumter, Gettysburg, the Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Appomattox Court House.
-Describe the roles of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant,Jefferson Davis, and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.
-Describe the effects of war on the North and SouthTerrific Additional Resources:
-Identify Uncle Tom’s Cabin and John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, and explain how each of these events was related to the Civil War.
-Discuss how the issues of states’ rights and slavery increased tensions between the North and South.
-Identify major battles and campaigns: Fort Sumter, Gettysburg, the Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Appomattox Court House.
-Describe the roles of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant,Jefferson Davis, and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.
-Describe the effects of war on the North and SouthTerrific Additional Resources:
Uncle Tom's Cabin
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Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel of the 19th century and the second best-selling book of that century, following the Bible. It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s. In the first year after it was published, 300,000 copies of the book were sold in the United States; one million copies were sold in Great Britain. In 1855, three years after it was published, it was called "the most popular novel of our day." The impact attributed to the book is great, reinforced by a story that when Abraham Lincoln met Stowe at the start of the Civil War, Lincoln declared, "So this is the little lady who started this great war." The quote is apocryphal; it did not appear in print until 1896, and it has been argued that "The long-term durability of Lincoln's greeting as an anecdote in literary studies and Stowe scholarship can perhaps be explained in part by the desire among many contemporary intellectuals ... to affirm the role of literature as an agent of social change."
John Brown's Raid on Harper's Ferry
On the evening of October 16, 1859 John Brown, a staunch abolitionist, and a group of his supporters left their farmhouse hide-out en route to Harpers Ferry. Descending upon the town in the early hours of October 17th, Brown and his men captured prominent citizens and seized the federal armory and arsenal. Brown had hopes that the local slave population would join the raid and through the raid’s success weapons would be supplied to slaves and freedom fighters throughout the country; this was not to be. First held down by the local militia in the late morning of the 17th, Brown took refuge in the arsenal’s engine house. However, this sanctuary from the fire storm did not last long, when in the late afternoon US Marines under Colonel Robert E. Lee arrived and stormed the engine house, killing many of the raiders and capturing Brown. Brown was quickly placed on trial and charged with treason against the state of Virginia, murder, and slave insurrection. Brown was sentenced to death for his crimes and hanged on December 2, 1859.
Fort Sumter -
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Abraham Lincoln
The main event of Lincoln's presidency was the Civil War that lasted from 1861-65. Eleven states seceded from the Union, and Lincoln firmly believed in the importance of not only defeating the Confederation but eventually reuniting North and South.
In September 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This freed the slaves in all Southern states. In 1864, Lincoln promoted Ulysses S. Grant to be Commander of all Union forces. Sherman's raid on Atlanta helped clench Lincoln's reelection in 1864. In April, 1865, Richmond fell and Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse. During the Civil War, Lincoln curbed civil liberties including suspending the writ of habeas corpus. However, at the end of the Civil War, the Confederate officers were allowed to return home with dignity. In the end, the war was the most costly in American history. Slavery was forever ended with the passage of the 13th amendment. On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was assassinated while attending a play at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. Actor John Wilkes Booth shot him in the back of the head before jumping onto the stage and escaping to Maryland. Lincoln died on April 15th. Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States following his highly successful role as a war general in the second half of the Civil War.
Robert E. Lee
Born on January 19, 1807 in Stratford, Virginia, Robert E. Lee came to military prominence during the U.S. Civil War, commanding his home state's armed forces and becoming general-in-chief of the Confederate forces towards the end of the conflict. Though the Union won the war, Lee has been revered by many while others debate his tactics. He went on to become president of Washington College.
Stonewall Jackson
A skilled general from Virginia, T.J. Jackson was one of the South’s greatest generals. He was nicknamed “Stonewall” Jackson because he had stood firmly against the enemy like a “stonewall” at the first battle of Bull Run (orManassas) Confederate soldiers mistakenly shot Gen. Jackson at the battle of Chancellorsville. Jackson’s doctor tried to save his life by cutting off his left arm, but Jackson died.
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis was a famous soldier and politician. He is best known for serving as the president of the Confederacy from 1861-1865. He was the Confederacy’s only president.
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